160 YEARS OF THE KNOWLEDGE: 10 things you never knew about the iconic ‘black taxi’

This year marks 160 years since the introduction of the Knowledge of London, the famously rigorous test taken by London taxi drivers. In recognition, LEVC has revealed ten lesser-known facts about the black cab — a vehicle that continues to evolve while maintaining its place at the heart of UK transport culture.

1. Decades of regulation

Since 1906, the London Conditions of Fitness have set strict standards for hackney carriages and their drivers. The LEVC TX is the only purpose-built taxi that meets all of these requirements, including a 25-foot turning circle and full wheelchair accessibility. These standards have influenced licensing rules across the UK.

2. It’s not always black

Despite the name, black cabs don’t have to be black. In London, there’s no colour rule. Some drivers choose alternative colours for weddings or events. Other cities have their own rules — in Bristol, hackney carriages must be blue.

3. Electric from the beginning

The first motorised taxis in London were electric. The Bersey Electric Cab launched in 1897 with a 50-mile range and a top speed of 12mph. Today’s LEVC TX continues the electric trend with a zero-emission range of 78 miles and a total range of 333 miles.

4. Built with aerospace engineering

The LEVC TX uses a bonded aluminium monocoque instead of traditional steel. This makes it about 30% lighter and able to absorb more crash energy. Each of the 400-plus parts is anodised to improve corrosion resistance.

5. Drivers trained to world-class standards

London cabbies must pass the Knowledge — a test involving 25,000 streets and 320 routes within six miles of Charing Cross. It can take up to four years to complete. Research from University College London shows that studying for the Knowledge can even reshape the brain.

6. Built in the West Midlands

LEVC builds the TX at its factory in Ansty, Coventry. Opened in 2017, it was the UK’s first site dedicated to electric vehicle production. Backed by Geely Holding Group, the site plays a key role in the country’s zero-emission goals.

7. Designed for accessibility

The TX includes a range of accessibility features: a wheelchair ramp, swivel seat, braille switches, hearing loop and high-visibility handles. These are all designed into the cab, not added on later.

8. The history of the word ‘hackney’

‘Hackney’ comes from the Norman French word “hacquenée”, meaning a horse for hire. The concept of hireable coaches dates back to Tudor times, when coach owners rented them out to cover costs.

9. Used as the national benchmark

The black cab is the only taxi that can meet the licensing requirements of around 300 authorities across the UK. Many converted vans do not meet full specifications, but some councils still approve them despite falling short on their own rules.

10. Not just for taxi drivers

Anyone can buy a black cab, though only licensed drivers can pick up street fares. Famous owners include King Charles, Kate Moss and Arnold Schwarzenegger. The TX is also used by care providers, the NHS and even the National Trust due to its accessibility and green credentials.